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23
Commits
| Author | SHA1 | Message | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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d6908f18ba |
feat(cpg): the hook half — CVE-2022-25148 found across an add_filter/apply_filters edge
The last of the three WordPress flaw classes 5.8 measured as missed. The
value crosses a registry inside WordPress core:
add_filter('wp_statistics_current_page', array($this, 'set_current_page'));
return apply_filters('wp_statistics_current_page', $current_page);
php2cpg drops the callback argument entirely -- the CPG holds
`add_filter("wp_statistics_current_page", )` -- so the edge cannot come from
the graph at any price. It comes from the source text instead, where both ends
are literals, via `mapping.php_hook_callbacks`.
vulnerable fixed
wpstatistics 3 entailed, incl. pages.php:225:record 2, that one absent
mwwpform 1 ($this->attachments) 0
pmpro 18, incl. CVE at :936 1
VAmPI 4 unchanged
The correctly-prepared sibling query one line below the CVE is not flagged on
either side.
Four things this cost, each measured rather than guessed:
* Half one must be asked per ARRAY KEY, not per callback. "Does an
unsanitized value reach this callback's return" is TRUE on both sides: the
fix escapes `type` and `id` and leaves `search_query` alone. A
callback-level answer flags the fixed side as readily as the vulnerable
one, which is a leak, not a detection. The key is a literal at both ends,
so it joins the way the hook name and the field name do -- the same idea
for the third time.
* The sanitizer test had to stop crediting a sibling's cleansing. The
vulnerable query is ONE concatenation holding both `esc_sql($page_uri)`
and the injectable `{$current_page['id']}`, so asking whether a
sanitizer's name appears in a path element's text marked the whole flow
sanitized. An element must now BE the cleansing -- a call to it, or its
name as a string literal, which keeps `array_map('esc_sql', ...)` working.
* Hook seeds are repository-wide where field seeds are file-scoped. A hook
registry is global by construction: the callback is in one file and its
`apply_filters` in another. The query returned nothing until those two
scopes were separated.
* `sourceKind` had to be REPORTED, not inferred. By the time a row reaches
Python a hook source reads as `$current_page["id"]` and a parameter as
`$args`, and `_usable_flows` discards parameter flows whenever a modelled
one is present -- so seven sanitized `$_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"]` flows
displaced the CVE between the query and the verdict. That preference then
had to move PER SINK SITE: applied across a region it decides one site's
question with another site's evidence, and PMPro's CVE at :936 vanished
from a region still reporting fifteen other findings.
`verdict` now delegates to `verdicts` rather than running its own selection
over the union, because two copies of "which flow decides" is exactly the
duplication this module has been bitten by before -- and had been again: the
per-site preference did not reach the single-verdict path, so the two entry
points disagreed about the same rows.
841 tests pass; gates byte-identical; VAmPI unchanged.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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dcdbe322a1 |
feat(cpg): taint a field where it is assigned — the field half of 5.11
`_delete_files()` takes no parameters. CVE-2023-6559 arrives as a FIELD,
written by one method and read by another:
public function __construct( ..., array $attachments = array() )
$this->attachments = $attachments; // half one ends here
protected function _delete_files()
foreach ( $this->attachments as $file ) // half two starts here
unlink( $file );
Both halves were already in the graph. Only the join was missing, and the key
it joins on is the literal `$this->attachments`, written identically at both
ends -- so this is a second question asked with the query that already exists,
not an edge a frontend has to invent.
A read of `$this->F` is a source when some assignment to the same literal
`$this->F` in the same file is fed by an unsanitized flow from a seed. Scoped
three ways so a field name common to every class ever written cannot become a
wormhole: only fields the sink scope reads, only assignments in the same file,
and the right-hand side must itself be reachable from a source.
The receiver could then leave `parameterNodes` -- the precision fix refused
two commits ago, now sound, because the path it was standing in for is carried
by the field it actually travels through:
before after
mwwpform vulnerable 1, from `this` 1, from $this->attachments
mwwpform fixed 0 0
pmpro vulnerable 15 -- 4 named, 11 receiver 18 -- all named or field
pmpro fixed 1, receiver-sourced 1
VAmPI 4 entailed 4 entailed, unchanged
CVE-2023-23488 is still at class.memberorder.php:936 and CVE-2023-6559 at
class.mail.php:259. Every finding now names the value it followed instead of
naming the object.
Three things cost a measurement each, recorded in the task:
* A summary must carry the SANITIZATION status of the half it summarises,
not merely its reachability. Without that clause,
`$this->sqlQuery = "..." . esc_sql($x) . "..."` reads as tainted -- and
PMPro builds most of its queries that way, so the fixed side went from 1
finding to 13. That is the pair no longer separating, which is the only
number that matters.
* Two-phase `reachableBy` then `reachableByFlows` is SLOWER, not faster:
183s -> 256s. Running the analysis twice costs more than skipping path
reconstruction saves. Reverted.
* Memoizing per field rather than per file took it to 97s, about 1.6x the
pre-field cost for that class, because only fields some region reads are
worth the flow query.
`inScope` is factored out of `sinkCalls` so the field sources are scoped to
exactly the same place as the sinks, rather than a second copy of those three
branches drifting from the first.
841 tests pass; gates byte-identical; VAmPI unchanged.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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45cf43e625 |
fix(cpg): one method with no sources must not cost the whole batch its answers
`reachableByFlows` on an empty source list is not a no-op. Joern answers it by
logging
[INFO ] Attempting to determine flows from empty list of sources.
to STDOUT -- while the script is running, so the line lands between the fence
markers, ahead of the payload. `json.loads` then fails on the whole document
and the driver reports `query_failed` for every request in the batch. One
method with nothing to trace from silently cost the answers for all 205 of
the others.
Fixed at both ends, because either alone leaves the seam brittle:
* taint.sc skips the flow query when there is no source to trace from, which
is also the correct thing to do with the question.
* `extract_payload` starts a decode at each line that opens a document and
keeps the first that parses. Trimming to the outermost brackets is the
obvious approach and the wrong one -- `[INFO ]` brings its own bracket.
Found while testing whether `$this` belongs in parameter sources. It does not
belong there on the argument -- the receiver is the object, not request data --
and excluding it cuts Paid Memberships Pro's order class from 16 entailed
findings to 6, all sourced from a named parameter, and makes the 2.9.7/2.9.8
pair separate cleanly.
It also loses CVE-2023-6559: MW WP Form's `_delete_files()` takes no
parameters at all, and the attacker-controlled path arrives as
`$this->attachments`, assigned by another method. So the trade is a VERIFIED
CVE against findings merely suspected of being false, and it is refused. The
receiver stays, with the measurement written next to it. The real defect is
field-sensitivity -- a field should be tainted where it is assigned -- and
deleting the receiver removes the symptom by removing the evidence.
841 tests pass; gates byte-identical.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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e0442d146c |
fix(cpg): a graph the frontend emptied must not read as a clean repository
Scanning a two-file WordPress slice returned 64 regions examined, zero
findings and zero degradations. The graph it examined had no methods in it.
php2cpg 4.0.623 feeds several files to one `php-parse` process and reads its
stdout and stderr merged. php-parse writes a `====> File <next>:` banner to
stderr the moment it starts the next file, while the previous file's JSON --
megabytes of it -- is still draining from a block-buffered stdout. The banner
lands inside the JSON, ujson reports
expected json value or } got "=" at index 5011645
and the frontend drops that file. Reproducible on real plugin code, and the
size that matters is one file's AST dump, not the repository's:
class.memberorder.php alone (1834 lines) -> 142KB CPG, no failures
the same file + a two-line file -> 5.7KB CPG, BOTH dropped
One oversized file empties the whole graph. `joern-parse` then does not
propagate any of the frontend's warnings: 13 lines of output, exit status 0,
"Successfully wrote graph". This is what made a 637-file plugin unscannable
and reported it as clean -- it was never a scale limit.
Two fixes, because the failure arrives on two different paths:
* `_unparsed_files` reads the per-file warnings the frontend does emit, and
the scan reports them as `files_unparsed`. This covers the direct-frontend
path where the warnings are visible.
* The batched query now carries a `__census__` of the graph -- method and
file counts -- under a key no request id can collide with, and a scan over
a graph with no methods degrades as `cpg_empty`. This covers joern-parse,
which shows nothing. It rides the batch rather than costing its own
invocation, because avoiding a JVM start is the entire reason batching
exists.
Neither invents a verdict. There is no rung for "the graph was empty" because
the ladder labels verdicts and none was produced, which is exactly why it has
to be a degradation.
pmpro two-file slice before: 0 findings, degradations=[]
after: 0 findings, degradations=[cpg_empty]
Gates byte-identical; 840 tests pass.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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21fdb554aa |
fix(cpg): a query that could not be asked is not an empty answer
contributor-scan 5.7, and it was the wrong question.
**The 117k-line pmpro CPG does not load.** Importing it throws in a
ForkJoinParallelCpgPassWithAccumulator during overlay application, so every
query against it returns nothing. It is not a call-graph question at all.
Isolated by running the ARBITER against two prebuilt CPGs rather than
writing a sixth ad-hoc Scala probe, four of which had already failed on my
own mistakes:
small wpdb CPG get_order_by_code -> 1 model_entailed
pmpro CPG getMemberOrderByCode -> 0
Both have their source and sink in ONE function, both were asked with
parameter sources and depth 3, same arbiter and same spec. The CPG is the
only difference.
That clears the facts, which is worth stating: `$wpdb` sinks work, the
parameter-source rule works, and a PHP parameter reaching `$wpdb->get_var`
through a concat is entailed. Whether php2cpg resolves `new X()` and
`$this->method()` is still unmeasured -- it cannot be measured on a CPG
that will not load -- and is recorded as 5.10 along with finding the size
boundary.
**And the defect underneath it, which is the fourth quiet failure found on
this one checkout.** `query_batch` returned `{}` for a failure and `{}` for
a genuine empty answer, so a caller could not tell "could not ask" from
"nothing found". Every query on this scan failed at load and it reported
500 regions examined, no findings, and no degradation: a vulnerable plugin,
clean.
A failed batch now returns None, unparseable output counts as a failure
rather than an empty answer, and the driver records a `query_failed`
degradation naming the kind and the request count.
This is the failure mode the rung ladder structurally cannot catch. Every
other honesty mechanism here labels a VERDICT -- suspicion,
regions_unjudged, regions_unasked, stated family limits -- and when no
verdict is produced there is nothing to label.
Gates byte-identical.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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92677136d7 |
fix(cpg): a batch goes through a file, not the command line
Scanning a 637-file WordPress plugin reported 500 regions examined, zero
findings, and a taint query time of **0.05 seconds** -- less than a JVM
takes to start. Dominance ran for 29.56s and config for 22.44s in the same
scan, so only taint had failed.
Linux caps a SINGLE argument at MAX_ARG_STRLEN (128KB) whatever ARG_MAX
says. Measured on that plugin:
taint 2500 requests 1.49 MB <- over the cap
dominance 13 requests 0.04 MB
config 13 requests 0.00 MB
As `--param requests=<json>` execve returned E2BIG, `_run` caught the
OSError, `query_batch` returned {} -- and {} reads as "no rows found". Only
taint crossed the cap, which is exactly why the failure looked like a
result rather than an error.
This is the quiet failure the rung ladder cannot catch. Every other honesty
mechanism in this codebase labels a verdict; here no verdict was produced
to label, and a scan of a vulnerable plugin reported it clean.
The payload is now staged to a file beside the CPG and the path is passed
instead; all three queries read `requestsFile` when it is set and keep
`requests` for the single-request forms and the tests. A test asserts no
argument approaches the cap, since the failure mode is invisible at the
scale the unit tests run at -- batching worked on every small tree it was
ever tried on.
Verified on vampi first: 4 entailed, unchanged, all three known
vulnerabilities still found.
Gates byte-identical.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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9c50e17c11 |
fix(cpg): retry a failed build through the language frontend
Scanning a 637-file WordPress plugin reported 1577 regions with 0 scanned and `cpg_build_failed`. The build was not slow or out of memory -- it failed in 42 seconds -- and `php2cpg` run directly on the same tree produced a 4.3MB CPG with no errors at all. The difference is that `joern-parse` detects the language and then shells out to the frontend in a separate process. On this tree it got as far as applying overlays and then threw, while still writing an unusable cpg.bin. Joern's own output recommends the direct route for a large codebase: "Invoking CPG generator in a separate process... If you are importing a large codebase (and/or running into memory issues), please try: invoke the frontend: php2cpg -J-Xmx3072m /tmp/src -o cpg.bin" So a failed `joern-parse` now retries through `<language>2cpg`, with the driver passing the dominant region language. A language with no mapping fails closed exactly as before -- no guessing at a frontend name. This is the documented fallback rather than a workaround, and it was diagnosed rather than assumed: the standalone build was run first, and only after it succeeded on the identical tree was the retry added. Gates byte-identical. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG |
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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c1191b3a6b |
feat(model): an access-control finding names a line, and what the PDG does not give us
contributor-scan 2.7. Taint and config verdicts have always carried a `path:line:function` location; dominance never did, so every access-control finding reached a contributor as `api_views/users.py:?:update_password` -- the right file by accident, because the region was asked about that file, and no line at all. The query now reports the operation's file and the verdict carries the location, with an engine that cannot report one getting no location rather than an invented one. Two questions answered by measurement while doing it. **Does this factor in the PDG?** The data half, centrally: `reachableByFlows` is the entire taint arbiter and `joern-parse` applies the `dataflowOss` overlay. The control half, not at all -- and it is not available to us. Measured: 0 of 13,184 calls in the libpng CPG and 0 of 1,152 in the vampi CPG have a controlling control structure, so `controlledBy` returns nothing in either. Everything guard-shaped therefore runs on CFG dominance or on syntactic conditions, which is exactly why 2.12's first attempt failed: libpng's bound reaches its sink through an `error` flag, and that is a control-dependence fact and nothing else. Recorded as 2.14, including the possibility that it cannot be enabled -- which would bound what guard reasoning this engine can ever do. **Would checking out a vulnerable libpng find a known CVE?** No, and not because of the version. Every one of the twelve files using `strcpy`/`strcat`/`sprintf`/`gets` is under `contrib/`; the library itself uses none of them. libpng overflows through array and pointer arithmetic and `memcpy` sizing, and five of its buffer-overflow fixes touch no modelled sink at all. Pinning an older commit would produce the same silence for the same reason. That leaves two routes of very different size, recorded as 2.15: pin a C project whose CVE genuinely runs through a string function, which is cheap and would give the memory family its first true positive; or model how C actually overflows, which is size arithmetic rather than sink matching and should not be started by accident. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG |
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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9221ba8e40 |
feat(model): a bound on the data lowers the rung, it does not clear it
contributor-scan 2.12. c/injection and c/memory carried zero sanitizers, so no C flow could ever be discharged: every `argv -> strcpy` entailed however carefully it was bounded. Which sinks can be discharged this way is read from the sink fact's own CWE rather than declared: CWE-121 is a stack buffer overflow, so gets/sprintf/strcat/strcpy qualify. It is the only overflow CWE in the fact tables and it is C-only, so no Python or JavaScript sink is touched and the pair corpus is unaffected -- gates byte-identical. Not a sanitizer list, because `strlen` appears in the guarded and the unguarded case alike; the discharge is a guard, not a call. **The first implementation required the bound to DOMINATE the sink, and it found nothing.** libpng guards `strcpy(outname+len, ".png")` with `(len = strlen(inname)) > 250`, but that check sits on an else-if chain whose sibling branch skips it entirely, and the protection reaches the sink through an `error` flag: `++error` in the guarded branch, `if (!error)` around the copy. Joern's dominator set for that sink has 89 calls and correctly excludes the bound; `controlledBy` returns none either. Verified against the CPG before the rule was changed rather than after it failed. So the bound is searched in the method, and the consequence is corroborated rather than silence. That is the honest rung: a bound on this variable means the graph has NOT shown the copy is unguarded, and it has not shown it is guarded either -- off-by-one being how bounds fail. The judge is asked. Proving the flag-mediated case needs path-sensitive reasoning this arbiter does not do. libpng entailed 3 -> 1 The survivor is also a false positive: `strcpy(output + len, ".icc")` in iccfrompng.c, where `output = malloc(len + 5)` makes it fit exactly. That is a different discharge shape -- allocated to size, not bounds-checked -- and it is recorded as 2.13 rather than chased. Both shapes were found on one repository, and extending a rule until that repository is clean is the overfitting Req 8 exists to prevent; 2.13 requires a second C checkout with a genuine CWE-121 so the change can be measured for what it silences as well as what it clears. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG |
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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67497c4d68 |
fix(cpg): a sink is matched as a word, not as a substring
`fgets` contains `gets`. The sink matcher's last clause was an unbounded
`methodFullName.contains(n)`, so every bounded read in libpng matched the
sink for the unbounded one. All 26 entailed findings on that repository
were the same false positive:
*argv -> fgets(pnmline, 256, wpng_info.infile) (line 335, 8 steps)
which is the safe API being reported as the dangerous one -- and `fgets`
is in the fact tables as a SOURCE, never a sink. Verified against the CPG:
methodFullName is exactly "fgets", and .contains("gets") is true.
Third instance of one bug class in this codebase, after the sanitizer that
matched `resolve` inside `resolveUrl` and the discharger that matched
`user` inside `users`. The sink matcher had never been given the same
treatment. All four of its clauses now run through the shared bounded
matcher, and that matcher is the punctuation-tolerant version written for
task 2.6 -- so `input(`, which an unconditional lookahead had made
unmatchable in `input(x)`, works for the first time as well.
libpng entailed 26 -> 0
Zero is the right answer for a PNG library whose only known CVE is out of
family. Gates byte-identical, so no pair outcome depended on the substring
match.
What remains on that scan is recorded, not claimed: 113 `c-unsafe-*` rows
assert an API is present rather than misused, and 50 overlay-coverage rows
are annotations rather than findings. 82 of the 113 are under `contrib/`.
Task 2.11 covers whether that band is worth putting in front of a
contributor at all; 2.10 already covers not scanning example code.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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d15985f695 |
fix(model): a guard discharges the obligation it is a guard of
contributor-scan 2.6. Access control entailed 7 of 9 VAmPI handlers,
including three that do authorize and three the OpenAPI spec declares
public. Five separate defects, each invisible to a corpus of one-function
excerpts and each found by asking the query what it actually matched.
**A trailing segment is not a match.** `query.get` was matched by its last
segment, so every `.get(` in the repository became a protected database
operation -- `request.headers.get('Authorization')` and
`request_data.get('username')` included. Four of the seven false positives
came from this, and so did the apparent detection of the known BOLA: it was
entailed because fetching the Authorization header had no dominating guard,
not because of the defect. A qualified token now requires its qualifier.
**Configuration is not authorization.** dominance_specs took every
obligation fact. `security_setting` operations are discharged by a VALUE,
which config_specs already claims them for; pooled in here they made
`app.run(...)` an operation requiring an authorization guard and put
thirteen tokens in BOTH lists -- an obligation that is its own discharge,
the same shape as the taint sink that used to sanitize itself.
**Input validation is not authorization.** `jsonschema.validate` was
counted as a guard, so handlers with no authorization check at all read as
guarded. No operation in the table requires validated_input.
**A guard discharges the obligation it is a guard of.** The largest one.
`orm-read` requires an identity_constraint or an ownership_check;
`token_validator` is a path_guard. Flattened into one list, authenticating
the caller discharged an object-level obligation -- a handler that
authenticates and then looks the record up by a PATH parameter read as
fully guarded. The facts state that relation and the spec was discarding
it; it is now carried and the engine asks per operation.
**A word boundary needs a word.** Found while fixing the above. Guard
matching wrapped every token in `(?<![A-Za-z0-9_])...(?![A-Za-z0-9_])`.
The identity token `['sub']` begins with `[`, and the character before it
in `resp['sub']` is `p` -- so the assertion could never hold. Every
identity token starting with punctuation was unmatchable, and the identity
constraint that separates a correct lookup from an IDOR was invisible.
Also: dominance rows were repository-wide, so the model's unguarded
`delete_user` was attributed to the API handler of the same name. Rows are
scoped to the region's file, which is what the rung's own justification
says -- the evidence is a file contradicting itself.
Measured against VAmPI's OpenAPI `security` blocks, which declare per
operation whether auth is required, and agree with the code:
vampi precision 28.6% (2/7) -> 50.0% (2/4)
known found 3 of 3, all model_entailed
And on the labelled access-control pairs, which nobody tuned this against:
all 9 pairs pair_correct 3 -> 3, leak 44.4% -> 11.1%
7 non-VAmPI pair_correct 2 -> 2, leak 42.9% -> 0.0%
Every detection lost was on a pair whose FIXED side was flagged too, which
scores nothing. No correct detection was traded for the precision.
get_by_title was flagged before it was in the recipe: its code carries the
comment "# Broken Object Level Authorization" and the README lists it, so a
real finding was being scored as a false positive. It is now the recipe's
third known vulnerability.
Both remaining false positives are endpoints the spec declares public.
Recorded as 2.8, with the reason the mapper's access_level cannot simply be
trusted: for decorator frameworks "public" means "no decorator found",
which is the bug itself.
Gates byte-identical.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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0fcd5feade |
feat(model): a region for the code that is in no function
contributor-scan 2.5. VAmPI's `host='0.0.0.0'` is now reported exactly once, at app.py:17:<module>. Before task 2.2 it was reported eight times in eight files that do not contain it; after 2.2 it was reported nowhere. Two causes, one shape: nothing could ask about module-level code. **The main-guard marker is not a function.** `__main__` is what the mapper emits for `if __name__ == '__main__':`. Sent to the engine as a function name it matched nothing, because a CPG calls a file's top-level code `<module>` -- verified against the VAmPI CPG rather than assumed. The region model translates the marker, which is the one place that turns what the mapper meant into what the scanner asks. **A function-scoped file had no region for its module body.** Settings, route registration and globals live in no function, and every region's query filters by function name. A file-level region beside the handlers would report each handler's findings a second time, which is why the earlier rule dropped it as "a second full-file pass". A module-scope region PARTITIONS the file instead of overlapping it. That only became cheap after batching: before it, a region was a JVM. Two things this needed to be correct rather than merely present: - A module method spans its whole file, so the taint query's line-range containment made `<module>` the parent of every function in it. Under module scope, membership is direct -- otherwise the module region reports every handler's sinks again, which is the duplication the old rule was avoiding. - A module body is not a handler. The marker-derived region inherited the handler families and entailed a missing authorization check on the main guard: a finding with no possible remediation. Caught by the first repository run that had the region, and now covered by a test. bind address 8 wrong files -> 0 -> 1, at app.py:17:<module> regions 22 -> 25 entailed 8 -> 9 query time 37.4s -> 41.3s peak RSS 827MB -> 823MB cost $0.0067 -> $0.0068 Three more regions for four seconds and no more model calls: the budget is a total and was already spent, so regions_unasked rose 17 -> 20 -- those regions got the free pass and are reported as unasked, not as clean. `<module>` is Joern's Python name for a module body; JavaScript uses `:program`, so this is verified for Python only. Gates byte-identical. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG |
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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ca7b5ba370 |
feat(model): a region that spans the flow, not just a function
contributor-scan 2.4, closing the no-go task 2.2 recorded. VAmPI's SQL injection is a request parameter reaching `get_by_username` in api_views/users.py, passed to `User.get_user` in models/user_model.py, interpolated into a query string and executed there. Source and sink are in different functions and different modules. Regions were per-function, so neither region saw both ends and the engine was silent on the most ordinary shape a real injection bug has. `reachableByFlows` was never the limitation -- it follows calls already. The limitation was the QUESTION. Sinks were filtered to the labeled function's own body, so a crossing flow had no sink to end at. Three changes, each with a reason it is sound rather than convenient: **An entry point is the trust boundary.** parameter_sources was off for repository scans because a repository's parameters are not all attacker input. An entry point's are, by definition -- that is what makes it an entry point. The driver turns it on only for regions the mapper found and named, and leaves it off for walker fallbacks and for named functions that are not entry points. **Sinks may sit below the handler.** taint.sc admits sinks in methods reachable from the labeled method through the call graph, bounded at ENTRY_POINT_CALL_DEPTH = 3: handler -> service -> data access, which is where these bugs live. Unbounded would make the question about most of the repository rather than about this entry point, and make it unaffordable. **The finding names the sink, not the asker.** A crossing flow ends in another file and another function, so Verdict carries the evidence's own `path:line:function` and the site uses it. Reporting `models/user_model.py:73:get_by_username` would name a place that does not exist: line 73 is inside get_user. Also: labeled methods are now resolved by name AND file. `get_user` exists in more than one module of a real repository, which a corpus of one-file excerpts could never surface. Measured on the same checkout and budget as 2.2: VAmPI-SQLI missed -> model_entailed at models/user_model.py:73:get_user known found 0 of 2 before 2.2's fixes, 1 of 2 in 2.2, 2 of 2 now entailed 7 -> 8 query time 40.9s -> 37.4s peak RSS 869MB -> 827MB cost $0.0067, unchanged Asking the bigger question cost nothing measurable here: file scoping and call-graph following pull in opposite directions and roughly cancel at this size. That is one 520-line repository, and VAmPI is now the repository this change was developed against -- the exact overfitting shape Req 8 exists to catch. The depth bound and the entry-point rule mean nothing general until a checkout nobody tuned against says so. Gates byte-identical. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG |
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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177c7f3719 |
feat(model): first repository measurement, and the four things it found
contributor-scan 2.2. VAmPI at a pinned commit, scanned whole rather than as excerpts, with benchmarks/repos/measure.py recording build time, query time, arbitration time, peak memory, cost, unjudged regions, and whether each known vulnerability was found and at which rung. The corpus could not have found any of this. Every defect below needs a repository to become visible, and three of them were invisible behind a passing test suite. **The batch path was unreachable.** query_batch was implemented, tested and committed while CpgResult exposed only `run`, so the driver's capability check found nothing and fell back to one JVM per region-family: the first attempt at this measurement ran eighteen minutes on 520 lines, issuing `--param function=` one at a time. Every test called query_batch directly, so none of them noticed. CpgResult now carries run_batch and a test asserts the capability is reachable through the object the driver is handed. The earlier 275s->106s improvement attributed to batching came from region deduplication alone. **The budget stopped free work.** It bounds model calls, but was enforced by breaking the region loop -- spending a paid limit to stop unpaid CPG arbitration. 6 of 22 regions were examined and VAmPI's BOLA, which the graph entails for nothing, was never reached. It now withholds the judge only. 22 of 22 regions arbitrated, 17 counted as regions_unasked (silent because unaffordable is not silent because decided), and the BOLA is entailed by the model layer. **A region with no function asked about the whole repository.** Sending function="" matched every hit in the tree and the driver attributed that answer to whoever asked: one `host='0.0.0.0'` in app.py became eight identical entailed findings in eight files that do not contain it. Queries now carry the region's file. Entailed findings 14 -> 7, query time 70.9s -> 40.9s. The single-request form stays unscoped so the committed pair measurements remain reproducible. **The JVM had no heap bound.** Joern claimed a quarter of physical RAM and runs were killed under memory pressure at different points, so the numbers described the host rather than the engine. -J-Xmx2048m by default, OPENULTRASAST_CPG_HEAP_MB to raise it. Also: arbitrated findings carried `function:line` where the report layer read `path:line`, so every entailed finding reached a contributor with a function name where its file belonged; and the witness line was parsed by splitting on a comma, which produced sites like `config.py:17): permissive literal '0.0.0.0':?`. Reading: GO on one CPG per repository -- 6.2s to build, 177s end to end, 869MB, $0.0067, nothing infeasible. NO-GO on region-scoped taint as the only shape: VAmPI's SQL injection runs from a handler parameter into a function in another module, and a per-function region sees neither end. That is the ordinary shape of a real injection bug, so it is recorded as task 2.4 along with three smaller defects this run exposed. Gates byte-identical. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG |
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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c35426e186 |
perf(model): one Joern invocation per query kind, not one per region
JVM startup dominated a scan: a call per region per family put a ten-line file at 275s over three regions, and would have put a thousand regions at roughly fifty hours. The queries themselves are milliseconds once the CPG is loaded, so the cost was almost entirely process starts. scan_repository() is now collect -> batch -> arbitrate. The three .sc scripts accept a `requests` JSON map and answer all of them in one run, keeping the single-request form so the committed measurements stay reproducible byte-for-byte. Arbiters are untouched: each is handed a CpgResult whose `run` returns its own prefetched rows. The batcher builds parameters by calling request_params() extracted from taint.py, dominance.py and config_value.py rather than reconstructing them. A second copy that drifts from the arbiter's is the exact shape of the five family-assumption bugs the predecessor spec spent a session finding; there is now one definition per family and the batcher borrows it. Regions are also deduplicated by (path, function), collapsing the nameless entry-point rows that were producing `model:injection:?:10`. Measured on the same ten-line file: 275s -> 106s, three duplicate findings -> one `model:injection:ping:10`, rung unchanged at model_entailed. Gates byte-identical. Server mode is recorded as task 2.3, deliberately sequenced after the repository measurement: whether the remaining ~100s floor is worth a process model, a weakened subprocess seam and a Scala-evaluating HTTP endpoint depends on a build-time-to-query-time ratio only 2.2 produces. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG |
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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d651455d23 |
fix(model-grounded-detection): closure scoping, and the three bugs it uncovered
The group-4 finding: JavaScript is callback-heavy, so the method containing a
sink routinely is not the labeled function. `fs.readFileSync` inside the
callback passed to `fs.stat` has enclosing method `<lambda>0`, and filtering on
`sinkMethod == function` dropped it -- the whole path family measured 0/8.
Scope is now decided by line-range containment within the same file
(astParentFullName is empty for lambdas, so nesting is not readable there), and
reported as `inLabeledScope`; the Python side trusts that flag and keeps the
name comparison only as a fallback, so an engine that cannot report scope never
has its sinks silently treated as scoped. Parameter sources stay bound to the
labeled function's OWN parameters -- a callback's `err`/`stats` are not
attacker input.
Fixing the scope exposed three further bugs, each of which would have raised
the number while making the answer untrue:
* Shortest-flow-wins picked the wrong witness. With closures in scope the
same sink has flows from `req.url...` (10 steps, the vulnerability), `res`
(3) and `this` (7). A flow whose source matches the source model now
outranks a shorter one from a bare captured name; shortest still breaks
ties, so the order stays total and the verdict deterministic.
* The JS fact file had NO sanitizers at all, so no JavaScript fix of any
family could ever be recognised. Added the documented path-normalisation
and HTML-escaping APIs, with provenance.
* Adding them regressed the witness, because `resolveUrl` CONTAINS `resolve`
and the substring test marked the vulnerable flow sanitized. This is the
same bug class already fixed in dominance.sc and not carried across -- the
exact fix-the-instance-miss-the-class failure. taint.sc now matches on word
boundaries too.
And the principled rule the fix turns on: parameter sources are a FALLBACK,
never an override. When a modelled source reaches the sink, those flows are the
evidence; otherwise a captured `res` reaching a sanitized sink reports the fix
as still vulnerable on a flow that names no attacker input.
Also recorded: req.url was NOT wrong as a diagnosis, it was untestable in
isolation -- the scoping bug masked it. Both were needed. On the pair that
motivated all of this:
vuln model_entailed req.url.split('?')[0] -> readFileSync(possibleFilename)
fixed model_corroborated same flow, sanitized by path.normalize
distinguished: true
700 passing, mypy/ruff clean, gates byte-identical.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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eebca3f663 |
fix(model-grounded-detection): the absence arbiter was silencing its own family
Two bugs, together making 4.1 report "no bug" on a textbook IDOR. Both found by running it against a real corpus pair rather than a fixture. 1. constraint_params were treated as dischargers. A field named `user_id` is what an IDOR is MADE OF -- `filter_by(id=user_id)` with user_id off the request is the bug, not the fix. The deleted checker only counted an identity constraint whose value's PROVENANCE was the authenticated context, so the parameter name alone evidences nothing. This is the mirror of group 2's sanitizer bug: a thing that must never count as a discharge, counted. 2. Guard tokens matched as substrings. With `user` in the token list, the string "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?" contains `user`, so the query reported every operation in the handler as guarded. Matching is word-boundary now. On threatbyte-api-v1-delete the arbiter previously found three operations, all "guarded" by evidence like '"SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ?"' and '(user_id,)', and returned no verdict at all. After the fix, on the real pairs: threatbyte-api-v1-delete vuln=model_corroborated fixed=none vampi-users-update-password vuln=model_corroborated fixed=none Both distinguished, deterministically, with no model call. Corroborated rather than entailed is right for these: they are single-handler excerpts with no guarded sibling to be inconsistent with, which is the asymmetry the rung distinction exists to express. identity_sources still discharge; request_sources and permissive_values remain excluded because they describe the vulnerable shape rather than the fix. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG |
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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d9ceeb6a09 |
feat(model-grounded-detection): 4.2 constant abstraction, the third arbiter form
A configuration bug has no flow to follow and no guard to dominate.
CORS(app, origins="*") is dangerous because of the value it is SET TO, so the
arbiter evaluates the setting's arguments against the closed permissive set in
the obligation facts -- the third form beside taint reachability and guard
dominance, and the one Req 6.3 names.
ENTAILED a security setting is passed a literal in the permissive set
CORROBORATED the argument is computed, so constant abstraction cannot decide
it -- that residual is the judge's, never silently "safe"
(none) every literal is outside the set, or the call is not a setting
Two Joern node-shape bugs, both found by running it and both of the same class
as group 2's receiver bug -- the graph's indexing is not what the source text
suggests:
* a keyword argument (`origins="*"`) is an assignment-shaped node, so
isLiteral is false on the argument itself and the literal sits in its
subtree; literals are collected from the argument's AST now.
* Joern indexes the receiver at 0, positional arguments from 1, and NAMED
arguments at -1. Settings are configured overwhelmingly by keyword, so
argumentIndexGt(0) -- correct when counting arity for the taint shape test
-- dropped exactly the arguments that matter and every keyword-configured
setting read as "computed".
Live, deterministic, zero model calls:
create_app -> model_entailed CORS(app, origins = "*"): permissive literal "*"
safe_app -> no finding (origins = "https://app.example")
All three arbiter forms now work against a real CPG: taint reachability for the
flow families, guard dominance for absence, constant abstraction for config.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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fec67253f3 |
feat(model-grounded-detection): 4.1 guard dominance, 4.2 the missing sink facts
4.1 is the arbiter for the class no crash oracle reaches. An access-control bug
is the ABSENCE of a guard: no flow to follow, no crash to reproduce. What the
model can establish is a consistency violation -- an obligated operation no
discharging guard governs, in a file where its siblings are governed by one.
"Governed" turned out not to be one relation, and asking pure CFG dominance of
the operation gets two of three shapes wrong. Measured against the real engine:
identity constraint the guard is INSIDE the operation's arguments
filter_by(owner_id = current_user.id)
identity branch abort(403).controlledBy == [note.owner_id != current_user.id]
-- the check runs AFTER the fetch, so it never dominates
the operation, but it controls whether the value escapes
dominating guard a discharger-naming call that dominates the operation
That is why the query uses controlledBy rather than dominatedBy for shape 2.
Two bugs found by running it, both the same class as the sanitizer bug in group
2 -- part of a fact flattened, the part carrying the signal dropped:
* dominance_specs used only `calls` and `decorators`, omitting
identity_sources (current_user, request.user) and constraint_params
(owner_id, user_id) -- which is how an identity constraint is actually
written. The arbiter reported "no guard" on handlers that plainly had one.
request_sources and permissive_values stay excluded: they describe the
vulnerable shape, and including them would let the arbiter read a bug as
its own fix.
* matching operations by code containment yielded four or five desugared rows
per operation (the bare `tmp1.filter_by` receiver among them, carrying none
of the guards the real call has), so a guarded operation could be flagged.
Matching is by call name now.
Live, deterministic, zero model calls:
leaky -> model_entailed no discharging guard, while 2 sibling handlers are guarded
edit_note -> no finding (ownership check controls the denial)
list_notes -> no finding (identity constraint in the query)
4.2 authors the sink facts the go/no-go measured as its largest miss class (11
of 23): Django ORM raw SQL, and the four families that previously had no fact
routing to them by CWE at all -- path, output_encoding, untrusted_destination,
prototype. Each entry is a documented dangerous API of the named library with
its provenance recorded inline, and rule_ids left empty because a sink fact is
not a detection rule. Flagged for maintainer review as data, given the standing
"no LLM-authored patterns" constraint. The exact-set assertion written in task
1.1 to hold this gap open is updated rather than deleted, so it still fails if a
family ever loses its seed.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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e127e430ed |
feat(model-grounded-detection): parameter sources, so the measurement is like-for-like
Only 11 of the 50 injection pairs contain a framework source token at all. The
other 39 receive untrusted input as a FUNCTION PARAMETER, because SVEN-style
pairs are function-level extractions:
def add_user(username, password):
os.system("useradd ... -p " + encPass + " " + username)
A framework-anchored source model finds nothing there, which caps entailment on
this slice near 22% by construction -- a property of the source model, not of
the engine. More to the point, the flat-IR baseline this feature is measured
against already counted these (source_kinds: ["parameter"]), so a run without
them is not comparable to the 2.2% it is supposed to beat.
The flag is opt-in and off by default, because the two settings are right in
different places: in a function-level pair the function boundary IS the trust
boundary, while across a whole repository most parameters carry internal
values and treating them all as untrusted is not sound. The corpus harness
opts in; a repository scan does not.
On the pair that exposed this the model now resolves both flows, including one
through an intermediate binding:
username -> os.system(...) 2 steps
password -> crypt.crypt(...) -> encPass -> ... 7 steps
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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1765e51da1 |
feat(model-grounded-detection): the safe-shape test, without which the model arbitrates nothing
The first live run produced the finding that shapes this design: taint
reachability alone does not distinguish a fix from a bug. On the canonical SQL
pair the flow request.args["name"] -> name -> execute exists on BOTH sides --
vuln db.execute("select ... '" + name + "'") one argument, interpolated
fixed db.execute("select ... = %s", (name,)) two arguments, bound
-- so the model entailed the fixed twin exactly as readily as the vulnerable
one, and arbitrated nothing. What separates them is the SHAPE of the sink call,
which is precisely what safe_shape_sinks preserved from the earlier sanitizer
fix. The query now reports sinkArity and sinkArg0Literal, and a flow ending at
a sink written in its declared-safe form is not a vulnerability.
Two bugs in that shape test, both found only against the real engine:
Joern's `call.argument` includes the RECEIVER at argumentIndex 0, so `db` was
counted as an argument -- making a one-argument interpolated call look like a
two-argument bound one, the exact inversion of the test -- and the "first
argument" whose literalness decides a format-string sink was the receiver
rather than the format. Both fixed with argumentIndexGt(0).
The rule is narrow on purpose: only sinks named in safe_shape_sinks are subject
to it (os.system(x) is not safe merely because it takes one argument), and a
row carrying no shape fields is judged on the flow alone -- an unknown shape
must never be read as a safe one.
End to end on the pair, deterministic and with no model call:
vuln -> model_entailed request.args["name"] -> db.execute(...) (line 4)
fixed -> None
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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f59e0f5b5a |
fix(model-grounded-detection): two modelling bugs the first live Joern run exposed
Both were found by running the real engine, and neither was visible offline.
1. A sink was its own sanitizer. The shipped facts mark some sanitizers with a
*shape* qualifier -- parameterized ("execute(sql, params) binds rather than
interpolates") and literal_format_arg ("printf with a constant format string
is safe"). These describe a safe FORM OF THE SINK CALL, not a call that
cleans a value on the path. Flattening them into the sanitizer list made
`execute` both the injection sink and its own sanitizer, so every SQL flow
would have reported as already-clean and nothing could ever be entailed.
Fixed as a class, not an instance: any fact carrying a shape qualifier is
excluded from `sanitizers` and kept in `safe_shape_sinks` for the shape test
task 4.2 will model properly. Fixing only the Python `parameterized` case
would have left C's entire printf family -- which the generalised test then
caught immediately.
2. labeled_family lost its deterministic derivation in group 1. The deleted
classifier resolved a pair's family by declared label, else obligation, else
mechanism, else CWE, and only asked an LLM when every link failed -- which
for a labeled corpus was never. Group 1 reduced this to the declared label
alone, which silently emptied every family whose pairs are labeled by CWE:
the injection slice went to zero pairs. The chain is restored, still with no
model call, and the family census again matches the committed entailment
ceiling exactly (injection 50, memory 176, access_control 8, ...).
Also: the Joern seam now runs in the CPG's own scratch directory, because
`joern --script` writes a `workspace/` beside the working directory and would
otherwise leave one inside the repository being analysed.
The taint query itself was corrected against the live engine: the sink is the
call's ARGUMENTS (data flows into arguments, not into the call node) and
reachableByFlows is called on the sink with the source. With that, the
three-hop chain our flat IR could not resolve is found:
request.args["cmd"] -> cmd -> "echo " + cmd -> full -> os.system(full)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
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Marius CiepluchandClaude Opus 5
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2b973dc0db |
feat(model-grounded-detection): tasks 2.1-2.2, the Joern seam and the taint verdict
The whole engine integration is one subprocess boundary: joern-parse builds a cpg.bin, joern --script runs a shipped CPGQL query that prints its JSON between fence markers, because Joern's stdout carries a banner and a REPL prompt around whatever a script emits. Nothing is imported in-process, so the core install keeps dependencies = [] -- a test walks the seam's AST to assert it imports only the standard library and names no JVM binding. Fail closed everywhere. A build or query that errors, times out, or prints something unparseable yields no verdict and the caller reports suspicion. The taint verdict distinguishes this from absence deliberately: a query returning None means "the engine could not decide", which is not "there is no flow", and conflating them is how a missing engine silently becomes a clean bill of health. The verdict is where the ladder earns its keep. An unsanitized source->sink path is model_entailed -- the graph establishes it and the LLM's claim is no longer load-bearing. A path a sanitizer may break is model_corroborated: the flow is real, but whether the sanitizer suffices is the semantic residual the LLM answers, checked against this verdict rather than averaged over runs. The chosen flow is picked by a total order (shortest, then lexicographic), so two runs over one CPG cannot disagree -- Req 6.4 asserted directly. The query itself is the part our flat IR could not do: reachableByFlows walks the PDG, so `q = "..." + request.args["x"]; execute(q)` is found, which is exactly the one-hop limit that held measured entailment at 2.2%. Capability detection reuses semantic/engines.joern_available rather than growing a second notion of "installed". The audit manifest is regenerated; the new modules are named by Req 4/5/6 rather than counted as orphans. Task 2.3, the go/no-go measurement, needs Joern installed and has not run. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]> Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG |