// Safe equivalents. None of these lines should produce a finding. const { execFile } = require("child_process"); const crypto = require("crypto"); function pingSafe(host, res) { // execFile with an argument array does not invoke a shell with concatenation execFile("ping", ["-c", "1", host], (e, out) => res.send(out)); } function userSafe(db, req) { // parameterised query, no concatenation or template interpolation db.query("select * from users where name = ?", [req.query.name]); } function helloSafe(req, res) { res.send("