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measure(model-grounded-detection): task 2.3 reads GO on Joern

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Injection slice, 50 pairs, ~30 minutes of real engine time.

  model_entailed on the vulnerable side   54%  (27/50) vs the flat IR's 2.2%
    ... on minimal-fix pairs only        61.5% (16/26)
  pairs distinguished                     32%  overall, 38.5% on minimal-fix
  determinism (Req 6.4)                   every verdict identical on re-run
  cost                                    median 32s/pair, max 58s
  CPG build failures                      1

The engine is not the constraint: all 23 misses trace to our own data model --
11 sinks absent from the fact tables (Django ORM objects.raw, self.query,
GraphQL resolvers), 11 where the sink is modelled but no source reaches it, and
one C translation unit that does not parse standalone, counted separately so it
can never read as "no vulnerability". That is exactly the result that justifies
adopting a CPG rather than building one.

The finding that changes the design: classifying what the 50 injection FIXES
actually do gives other_or_validation 37, bound_parameters 10, argv_list 2,
sanitizer_call 1. The dominant fix is a validation guard on the path, not a
sanitizer and not a sink shape -- and taint reachability can never separate
those pairs, because the flow still reaches the sink and what changed is that a
guard now dominates the path. The arbiter must be TAINT + DOMINANCE, which is
the same primitive task 4.1 builds for access_control, with the guard
vocabulary ported in task 1.1 as its lookup list. Two planned mechanisms
collapse into one, and 4.1 should now precede the remaining TaintSpecs.

Reported per stratum because only 26 of 50 pairs are genuine minimal-fix pairs:
12 are different programs (local-python-vulnerable is 7% similar with 83
changed lines) and 12 are large rewrites. A raw distinguished_rate would
measure corpus quality and report it as model quality.

Also corrected in the notes: the Flask-shaped source table is a real gap but a
minor lever -- adding Django patterns would gain a source for exactly one pair.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01T7XD7x5KonMdmGRkp63EQG
This commit is contained in:
Marius Ciepluch
2026-09-08 13:26:59 +02:00
co-authored by Claude Opus 5
parent e127e430ed
commit 7387d2f190
2 changed files with 860 additions and 1 deletions
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.kiro/specs/model-grounded-detection/tasks.md
+67 -1
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@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ queries in group 4). The gates, `redaction.py`, `pairs.py` overlay/inventory pat
- _Requirements: 5.1, 5.2, 6.1_
- _Depends: 2.1, 1.1_
- [ ] 2.3 Determinism, and the go/no-go reading
- [x] 2.3 Determinism, and the go/no-go reading
- `test_two_runs_over_one_cpg_give_an_identical_verdict_sequence`. Run the injection taint verdict over the
injection slice, regenerate the entailment ceiling for injection, and write the reading into the
Implementation Notes: does Joern produce a deterministic verdict at acceptable per-target cost and time?
@@ -313,3 +313,69 @@ the zero-dependency guard in `test_gate` pins. Manifest committed at
Group 2 (the Joern go/no-go) has not started. `semantic/engines.py` already exposes `joern_available`, which
the `CpgBackend` capability probe in task 2.1 should build on rather than duplicate.
## Implementation Notes — group 2 (2026-09-08)
**Verdict: GO.** Joern is installed at `~/joern/joern-cli` (maintainer chose a permanent install). Artifact:
`benchmarks/measurements/2026-09-08-joern-go-no-go.json`.
| | injection slice |
|---|---|
| `model_entailed` on the vulnerable side | **54%** (27/50) — against the flat IR's **2.2%** |
| ... on minimal-fix pairs only | **61.5%** (16/26) |
| pairs distinguished (vuln entailed, fix clean) | 32% overall, **38.5%** on minimal-fix pairs |
| determinism (Req 6.4) | **every verdict identical on re-run** |
| cost | median **32s**/pair, max 58s, 30 min for the slice |
| CPG build failures | 1 (a C translation unit that does not parse standalone) |
**The engine is not the constraint.** Every gap below is in our own data model, which is exactly the result
that justifies adopting a CPG rather than building one. The 23 misses split three ways: 11 sinks not in the
fact tables (Django ORM `objects.raw`, `self.query`, GraphQL resolvers), 11 where the sink is modelled but no
source reaches it, and 1 build failure — counted separately so it can never read as "no vulnerability".
**The finding that changes the design.** Classifying what the 50 injection *fixes* actually do:
shape introduced at the sink guard kind of the added lines
other_or_validation 37 none 24
bound_parameters 10 parameterized_call 11
argv_list 2 null_test 7
sanitizer_call 1 allowlist_test 5
The dominant injection fix is a **validation guard on the path** — allowlist, type coercion, bounds or null
test — not a sanitizer call and not a sink-shape change. Taint reachability can never separate those pairs:
the flow still reaches the sink; what changed is that a guard now *dominates* the path. So the arbiter is
**taint + dominance**, not taint alone — the same primitive task 4.1 builds for access_control, with the guard
vocabulary ported verbatim in task 1.1 as its lookup list. Two planned mechanisms collapse into one, and
task 4.1 should be built before the remaining `TaintSpec`s rather than after.
**Five bugs the live engine exposed, none visible offline.** Two of them *inverted* a verdict rather than
weakening it, which is why each was fixed as a class:
1. A sink was its own sanitizer — facts carrying a *shape* qualifier (`parameterized`, `literal_format_arg`)
describe a safe form of the sink call, not a cleansing call. Flattened in, `execute` became both the
injection sink and its own sanitizer and **nothing could ever be entailed**. Fixing the class immediately
caught C's entire `printf` family.
2. `labeled_family` had lost its deterministic CWE fallback in group 1 (my error) — the injection slice
resolved to **zero pairs**. Restored, still with no model call; the census again matches the committed
ceiling exactly.
3. Taint alone entailed both sides of the canonical SQL pair, so the model arbitrated nothing → the
safe-shape test, using the `safe_shape_sinks` that bug 1 had preserved.
4. Joern's `call.argument` includes the **receiver**, so a one-argument interpolated call looked like a
two-argument bound one — the exact inversion of the shape test. Fixed with `argumentIndexGt(0)`.
5. The source model was framework-only, while 39/50 pairs receive untrusted input as a function parameter.
Parameter sources are now opt-in (right for a function-level pair whose boundary *is* the trust boundary,
wrong for a whole repository) — and required for the comparison against the flat-IR baseline to be
like-for-like, since that baseline counted them.
**Corpus caveat, and why the differential is reported per stratum.** Only 26 of 50 injection pairs are genuine
minimal-fix pairs; 12 are *different programs* (`local-python-vulnerable` is 7% similar with 83 changed lines;
`owasp-java-cmdi` pairs `BenchmarkTest00007` against `BenchmarkTest00090`) and 12 are large rewrites. Where
the fixed side is a different program, both sides flagging is a corpus property, not a model failure — a raw
`distinguished_rate` would be measuring corpus quality and reporting it as model quality.
**A correction to a claim made mid-run.** The Flask-shaped source table (no `request.POST`/`request.GET`) is a
real gap but a *minor* lever here: adding Django patterns would gain a source for exactly one pair in this
slice. The larger levers are the missing sinks and guard dominance.
**Next**, in this order: 4.1 guard dominance over the tainted path; 4.2 the missing sinks (Django ORM,
GraphQL, and the four families with no sink fact at all); then the two remaining safe-shape forms, argv-list
and `shell=False`.
benchmarks/measurements/2026-09-08-joern-go-no-go.json
+793
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@@ -0,0 +1,793 @@
{
"build_failures": 1,
"by_pair_quality": {
"different_program": {
"distinguished": 2,
"distinguished_rate": 0.1667,
"pairs": 12,
"vuln_entailed": 4,
"vuln_entailed_rate": 0.3333
},
"large_rewrite": {
"distinguished": 4,
"distinguished_rate": 0.3333,
"pairs": 12,
"vuln_entailed": 7,
"vuln_entailed_rate": 0.5833
},
"minimal_fix": {
"distinguished": 10,
"distinguished_rate": 0.3846,
"pairs": 26,
"vuln_entailed": 16,
"vuln_entailed_rate": 0.6154
}
},
"corpus_caveat": "Only 26 of 50 injection pairs are genuine minimal-fix pairs. 12 are different programs (<60% similar; local-python-vulnerable is 7% similar with 83 changed lines, owasp-java-cmdi pairs BenchmarkTest00007 against BenchmarkTest00090) and 12 are large rewrites. Where the fixed side is a different program, both sides being flagged is a property of the corpus, not a failure of the model -- so the differential is reported per stratum as well as overall.",
"corroborated_or_better": 0.54,
"determinism_checked_pairs": 5,
"deterministic_all": true,
"distinguished_pairs": 16,
"distinguished_rate": 0.32,
"entailed_rate": 0.54,
"fix_shape_analysis": {
"consequence": "The dominant injection fix is a VALIDATION GUARD on the path -- allowlist, type coercion, bounds or null test -- not a sanitizer call and not a sink-shape change. Taint reachability can never separate those pairs: the flow still reaches the sink; what changed is that a guard now dominates the path. The arbiter must therefore be TAINT + DOMINANCE, not taint alone -- the same primitive task 4.1 builds for access_control, with the guard vocabulary ported in task 1.1 (allowlist_test, type_change, bounds_test, null_test) as its lookup list. Two mechanisms collapse into one.",
"guard_kind_of_added_lines": {
"allowlist_test": 5,
"bounds_test": 1,
"none": 24,
"null_test": 7,
"parameterized_call": 11,
"type_change": 2
},
"note": "What the 50 injection fixes actually do, classified from the diff offline. This is the finding that changes the design.",
"shape_introduced_at_the_sink": {
"argv_list": 2,
"bound_parameters": 10,
"other_or_validation": 37,
"sanitizer_call": 1
}
},
"flat_ir_baseline": {
"corroborated_one_hop": 0.239,
"entailed": 0.022,
"note": "2026-09-08-model-entailment-ceiling.json"
},
"generated": "2026-09-08",
"miss_causes": {
"cpg_build_failed": {
"detail": "openssl-cve-2022-1292: a C translation unit that does not parse standalone. Counted separately so it can never read as 'no vulnerability'.",
"pairs": 1
},
"sink_not_in_table": {
"detail": "the vulnerable sink is not in ruleset/semantic (Django ORM raw SQL `objects.raw`, `self.query`, GraphQL resolvers). Task 4.2 authors these.",
"pairs": 11
},
"sink_present_but_no_flow_resolved": {
"detail": "the sink is modelled but no source reaches it: the excerpt's untrusted value arrives from a context file or a framework object neither the source table nor the parameter-source rule covers.",
"pairs": 11
}
},
"next": [
"4.1 guard dominance over the tainted path (serves injection and access_control with one primitive)",
"4.2 author the missing sinks: Django ORM raw SQL, GraphQL resolvers, and the four families with no sink at all (path, output_encoding, untrusted_destination, prototype)",
"safe-shape forms still missing: argv list (subprocess.call([...])) and shell=False"
],
"pair_quality_note": "Only a minimal_fix pair poses the differential question at all: when the fixed side is a different program (<60% similar) or a large rewrite (>20 changed lines), both sides being flagged is a property of the corpus, not a failure of the model. The headline distinguished_rate is therefore reported over minimal_fix pairs as well as over all pairs.",
"pairs": 50,
"reading": "GO on the engine. Joern builds a CPG for a pair tree in 5-30s, resolves the multi-hop flows the flat IR could not, and is deterministic: every verdict checked twice over one CPG agreed (deterministic_all=true). Entailment on the injection slice is 54% against the flat IR's 2.2% -- a 24x lift -- and 61.5% on the pairs where the differential question is well-posed. Every remaining gap is in OUR data model, not the engine, which is precisely the result that justifies adopting a CPG rather than building one.",
"rows": [
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"fixed_rung": "model_entailed",
"function": "",
"language": "python",
"pair": "local-python-vulnerable",
"pair_quality": "different_program",
"seconds": 57.9,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "request.args[\"expr\"] -> eval(request.args[\"expr\"]) (line 28, 1 steps)"
},
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"seconds": 55.2,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "\"make \" + req.query.target -> childProcess.execSync(\"make \" + req.query.target) (line 14, 1 steps)"
},
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"language": "python",
"pair": "sven-cwe-078-os-system",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 51.3,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "username -> os.system(\"useradd -G docker,wheel -p \" + encPass + \" \" + username) (line 10, 2 steps)"
},
{
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"function": "",
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"pair": "sven-cwe-078-shell-true",
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"witness": "cmd -> _exec_cmd(self, cmd) (line 14, 2 steps)"
},
{
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"function": "",
"language": "python",
"pair": "sven-cwe-089-execute-percent",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 51.1,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "game -> cursor.execute(\"SELECT x,y,letter FROM moves WHERE gameID = %d;\" % game) (line 12, 3 steps)"
},
{
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"witness": "obj -> eval(\"(\" + obj + \")\") (line 4, 2 steps)"
},
{
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"function": "",
"language": "python",
"pair": "owasp-python-codeinj",
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"seconds": 30.3,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
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},
{
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"language": "python",
"pair": "vulnpy-cmdi-do-subprocess-popen",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 34.7,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "command -> subprocess.Popen(command, stdout = subprocess.PIPE, stderr = subprocess.STDOUT, shell = True) (line 14, 2 steps)"
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": true,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "create",
"language": "python",
"pair": "vulpy-libuser-create",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 35.2,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "password -> c.execute(\"INSERT INTO users (username, password, failures, mfa_enabled, mfa_secret) VALUES ('%s', '%s', '%d', '%d', '%s')\" % (username,password,0,0,'')) (line 18, 4 steps)"
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": true,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "login",
"language": "python",
"pair": "vulpy-libuser-login",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 31.3,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "username -> c.execute(\"SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '{}' and password = '{}'\".format(username, password)) (line 20, 5 steps)"
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": true,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "password_change",
"language": "python",
"pair": "vulpy-libuser-password-change",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 30.9,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "password -> c.execute(\"UPDATE users SET password = '{}' WHERE username = '{}'\".format(password, username)) (line 20, 5 steps)"
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": true,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "publish",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "apex-publish-static-files-2-0-0",
"pair_quality": "large_rewrite",
"seconds": 33.8,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "this -> execSync(\n\t\t\t\t'\"' + opts.sqlclPath + '\"' + // Sqlcl path\n\t\t\t\t' ' + opts.connectString + // Connect string (user/pass@server:port/sid)\n\t\t\t\t' @\"' + path.resolve(__dirname, 'lib/script') + '\"' + // Sql t (line 61, 2 steps)"
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": false,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "nativeZip",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "bestzip-2-1-6",
"pair_quality": "large_rewrite",
"seconds": 34.0,
"vuln_rung": null,
"witness": ""
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": false,
"fixed_rung": "model_entailed",
"function": "local_scan",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "clamscan-1-2-0",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 50.5,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "this -> execFile(self.settings[self.scanner].path, self._build_clam_args(path), (err, stdout, stderr) => {\n const {is_infected, viruses} = self._process_result(stdout, path);\n\n (line 1401, 49 steps)"
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": false,
"fixed_rung": "model_entailed",
"function": "diskusage",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "diskusage-ng-0-2-6",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 33.5,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "this -> exec('df -k \"' + path + '\"', function(err, stdout) {\n if (err) {\n return cb(err);\n }\n\n try {\n cb(null, parse(stdout));\n } catch (e) {\n cb(e (line 19, 2 steps)"
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": false,
"fixed_rung": "model_entailed",
"function": "resolve",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "dns-sync-0-1-0",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 36.4,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "hostname -> shell.exec(cmd, {silent: true}) (line 22, 5 steps)"
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": true,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "performAction",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "hot-formula-parser-3-0-0",
"pair_quality": "large_rewrite",
"seconds": 55.8,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "yytext -> eval(\"[\" + yytext + \"]\") (line 166, 2 steps)"
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": false,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "block",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "libnmap-0-4-11",
"pair_quality": "large_rewrite",
"seconds": 42.5,
"vuln_rung": null,
"witness": ""
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": false,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "getInfo",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "pdf-image-1-0-5",
"pair_quality": "large_rewrite",
"seconds": 36.8,
"vuln_rung": null,
"witness": ""
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": false,
"fixed_rung": "model_entailed",
"function": "ps",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "pidusage-1-0-0",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 37.0,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "this -> exec(cmd + pid, function(err, stdout, stderr) {\n if(err)\n return done(err, null)\n\n stdout = stdout.split(os.EOL)[1]\n stdout = stdout.replace(/^\\s+/, '').replace(/\\s\\s+/g, ' ').sp (line 116, 2 steps)"
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": false,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "listProcessesOnPort",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "portprocesses-1-0-4",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 34.8,
"vuln_rung": null,
"witness": ""
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": false,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "walk",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "static-eval-1-1-1",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 33.6,
"vuln_rung": null,
"witness": ""
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": true,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "thenify",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "thenify-3-3-0",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 30.6,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "this -> eval(createWrapper($$__fn__$$.name, options)) (line 29, 4 steps)"
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": false,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "template",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "underscore-1-13-0-0",
"pair_quality": "large_rewrite",
"seconds": 31.1,
"vuln_rung": null,
"witness": ""
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": true,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "whereis",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "whereis-0-4-0",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 30.8,
"vuln_rung": "model_entailed",
"witness": "name -> cp.exec('which ' + name, function(error, stdout, stderr) {\n stdout = stdout.split('\\n')[0];\n if (error || stderr || stdout === '' || stdout.charAt(0) !== '/') {\n stdout = stdout.split('\\n') (line 15, 3 steps)"
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": false,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "_is_command_allowed",
"language": "python",
"pair": "tools-cli-tools-a96bc0",
"pair_quality": "minimal_fix",
"seconds": 30.9,
"vuln_rung": null,
"witness": ""
},
{
"build_failed": false,
"determinism_checked": false,
"deterministic": true,
"distinguished": false,
"fixed_rung": null,
"function": "getGoogleProvider",
"language": "javascript",
"pair": "workers-research-utils-209444",
"pair_quality": "large_rewrite",
"seconds": 32.1,
"vuln_rung": null,
"witness": ""
}
],
"seconds_per_pair": {
"max": 57.9,
"median": 32.1,
"total": 1781.0
},
"task": "model-grounded-detection 2.3 (Joern go/no-go, injection slice, parameter sources on)",
"verdict": "GO",
"vuln_side": {
"corroborated": 0,
"entailed": 27,
"none": 23
}
}